Resources

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Seo, S. Y., Hwang, S. J., & Song, J. I. (2008) Sexual Reproduction of Anthoplexaura dimorpha (Gorgonacea: Octocorallia) from Munseom, Jejudo Islands, Korea. Animal Cells and Systems 12:231–240

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Sherwood, O. A., & Edinger, E. N. (2009) Ages and growth rates of some deep-sea gorgonian and antipatharian corals of Newfoundland and Labrador

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Sherwood, O. A., Scott, D. B., Risk, M. J., & Guilderson, T. P.  (2005) Radiocarbon evidence for annual growth rings in the deep-sea octocoral Primnoa resedaeformis

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Shoham, E., & Benayahu, Y. (2017) Higher species richness of octocorals in the upper mesophotic zone in Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba) compared to shallower reef zones

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Shoham, E., Prohaska, T., Barkay, Z., Zitek, A., & Benayahu, Y.  (2019) Soft corals form aragonite-precipitated columnar spiculite in mesophotic reefs

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Shuler, A. J., & Etnoyer, P. J. (2020)  Alcyonacean octocorals of the Pinnacle Trend: A photo-identification guide 

1212

Silveira, F. L. (1986) Aspectos da biologia de Lophogorgia punicea (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857) (Gorgonacea, Gorgoniidae) do Canal de São Sebastião, estado de São Paulo. São Paulo. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências). Instituto de Biociências. Universidade de São Paulo 211 p.

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Simpson, A. (2005) Reproductive morphology of two deep-water octocorals, Paramuricea placomus (Plexauridae) and Metallogorgia melanotrichos (Chrysogorgiidae). 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL p 203

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Singh, A. P., & Mercer, E. H.  (1976) Algal symbiont of a soft coral

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Sini, M., Kipson, S., Linares, C., Koutsoubas, D., & Garrabou, J.  (2015) The Yellow Gorgonian Eunicella cavolini: Demography and Disturbance Levels across the Mediterranean Sea

1080

Skoufas, G., Poulicek, M. & Chintiroglou, C.C. (2000) Growth variation of Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1794) (Gorgonacea, anthozoa) Belg. J. Zool 130 (Supplement 1): 121-124

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Slattery, M., Hines, G. A., Starmer, J., & Paul, V. J. (1999) Chemical signals in gametogenesis, spawning, and larval settlement and defense of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla Coral Reefs 18:75–84

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Slattery, M., & McClintock, J. B. (1995) Population structure and feeding deterrence in three shallow-water antarctic soft corals

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Slattery, M., McClintock, J. B., & Bowser, S. S. (1997) Deposit feeding:a novel mode of nutrition in the Antarctic colonial soft coral Gersemia antarctica

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Soler-Hurtado, M. D. M., & López-González, P. J. (2012) Two new gorgonian species (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Ecuador (Eastern Pacific)

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Soler Hurtado, M. D. M., Machordom, A., Muñoz, J., & López González, P. J. (2016) New records of the genera Leptogorgia, Pacifigorgiaand Eugorgia(Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Ecuador, with a description of a new species

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Soong, K. (2005) Reproduction and colony integration of the sea pen Virgularia juncea Mar Biol 146:1103–1109

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Sorokin, Y. (1991) Biomass, metabolic rates and feeding of some common reef zoantharians and octocorals

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Stokvis, F.R. & van Ofwegen, L.P. (2006) New and redescribed encrusting species of Alcyonium from the Atlantic Ocean (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 80(4): 165–183. 

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Stone, R. P., Malecha, P. W., & Masuda, M. M. (2017) A Five-Year, In Situ Growth Study on Shallow-Water Populations of the Gorgonian Octocoral Calcigorgia spiculifera in the Gulf of Alaska

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Strychar, K. B., Coates, M., Sammarco, P. W., Piva, T. J., & Scott, P. T. (2005) Loss of Symbiodinium from bleached soft corals Sarcophyton ehrenbergi, Sinularia sp. and Xenia sp.

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Sun, Z., Hamel, J. F., Edinger, E., & Mercier, A. (2010) Reproductive biology of the deep-sea octocoral Drifa glomerata in the Northwest Atlantic Mar Biol 157, 863–873

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Sun, Z., Hamel, J. F., & Mercier, A. (2009) Planulation of deep-sea octocorals in the NW Atlantic Coral Reefs 28:781

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Sun, Z., Hamel, J. F., & Mercier, A. (2010) Planulation periodicity, settlement preferences and growth of two deep-sea octocorals from the northwest Atlantic Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 410:71–87

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Sun, Z., Hamel, J. F., & Mercier, A. (2011) Planulation, larval biology, and early growth of the deep-sea soft corals Gersemia fruticosa and Duva florida (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) Invertebrate Biology 130(2),91-99